Metal Series

USES: Metal used for galvanizing sheet iron. Ingredient in alloys (bronze, brass, etc.), protective coatings for other metals, household utensils, etc.

As chemical reagent. In thermometers and dental amalgams. In pharmaceuticals, antifouling paints, agricultural chemicals. ABCD.

In tanning leather. Intensifier in photography. Topical antiseptic and disinfectant.

Used in preserving wood, disinfecting stables, etc., in deodorants and antiperspirant preparations. In refining crude oil, dyeing fabrics. In dental ceramics. In topical astringents.

Inorganic mercurial compound used in creams as a topical antiinfective agent (formerly used in the treatment of psoriasis and in skin-lightening formulations). May cause pigmentation and depigmentation.

USES: Photography; toning solutions; electroplating parts of clocks and watches; detecting carbon monoxide leaks in buried gas pipes; manufacture of indelible ink; preparation of metal for use as a catalyst. Catalyst in jewelry. Present in dental alloys.

Component in paints for glass and porcelain. As siccative in paints. In various alloys (dental, etc.). May produce erythema multiforme like eruptions. ABCD. NICU.

Gold derivative used for screening of contact allergy to dental gold materials.

Fungicide. Pigments in paints. Reagent toner in photography. Copper metal is used in, e.g., dental alloys (Cupric sulfate). ICU.

Gold derivative used for screening of contact allergy to dental gold materials.

Red pigment for glass. In antifouling paints (Cuprous oxide).

USES: Metal used in tin plating, soldering and dental alloys, collapsible tubes. In the production of tin salts.

Use:Iridium(III)chloride trihydrate is the principal starting material for mostiridium chemistry. Among other uses it is used in the production of hydrogen peroxide.  

Use: Iridium is a chemical element that has the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A dense, very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum family, iridium is used in high-strength alloys that can withstand high temperatures and occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium. Iridium is notable for being the most corrosion-resistant element known.

Use: Indium is a chemical element with chemical symbol In and atomic number 49. This rare, soft, malleable and easily fusible poor metal is chemically similar to aluminium or gallium but more closely resembles zinc (zinc ores are also the primary source of this metal). Its current primary application is to form transparent electrodes from indium tin oxide in liquid crystal displays. I

Titanium nitride (TiN) (sometimes known as Tinite) is an extremely hard (~85 Rockwell C Hardness or ~2500 Vickers Hardness or 24.5 gigapascals), ceramic material, often used as a coating on titanium alloy, steel, carbide, and aluminum components to improve the substrate’s surface properties. Far and away the most common use for TiN coating is for edge retention and corrosion resistance on machine tooling, such as drill bits and milling cutters, often improving their lifetime by a factor of three or more. Because of TiN’s metallic gold color, it is used to coat costume jewelry and automotive trim for decorative purposes. TiN is also widely used as a top-layer coating, usually with nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) plated substrates, on consumer plumbing fixtures and door hardware. TiN is non-toxic, meets FDA guidelines and has seen use in medical devices and bio-implants, as well as aerospace and military applications. Such coatings have also been used in implanted prostheses and in dental alloys (especially hip replacement implants).

Use:Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6, or CI 77891. It is noteworthy for its wide range of applications, from paint to sunscreen to food colouring. Titanium dioxide is the most widely used white pigment because of its brightness and very high refractive index (n=2.7), in which it is surpassed only by a few other materials. TiO2 is also an effective opacifier in powder form, where it is employed as a pigment to provide whiteness and opacity to products such as paints, coatings, plastics, papers, inks, foods, medicines (i.e. pills and tablets) as well as most toothpastes. Used as a white food colouring, it has E number E171. In cosmetic and skin care products, titanium dioxide is used both as a pigment and a thickener. It is also used as a tattoo pigment and styptic pencils. This pigment is used extensively in plastics and other applications for its UV resistant properties where it acts as a UV absorber, efficiently transforming destructive UV light energy into heat.  

Use: Zinc chloride is used as a deodorant and can also be used as a wood preservative. Zinc metal is included in most single tablet over-the-counter daily vitamin and mineral supplements. Zinc is the fourth most common metal in use, trailing only iron, aluminium, and copper in annual production. Zinc is used to galvanize steel to prevent corrosion. Zinc is used to Parkerize steel to prevent rust and corrosion and used in alloys such as brass, nickel silver, dental alloys, typewriter metal and various soldering formulas.

Use:itanium oxalate could be used as a source for Titanium in a process for preparing zinc-alloy-electroplated steel sheets excellent in corrosion resistance comprising electroplating steel sheets. Used in the preparation of a welding flux binder and welding flux comprising the reaction product of a hydrolyzed and polymerized organometallic compound such as metal esters and metal oxalates. A metal salt for testing of allergy to titanium in dental alloys.

Used in a method of manufacturing a ceramic capacitor suitable for high energy density and high temperature application. A metal salt for testing of allergy to titanium in dental alloys. A metal titanate such as calcium titanate, barium titanate, strontium titanate, and the like has widely been used as a material having dielectric, piezoelectric properties and industrially produced by mass production. Uses are for example, as an antenna material, a capacitor material, a layered circuit substrate material, a connector material, and the like which are required to be dielectric.

Use:Titanium is a chemical element; in the periodic table it has the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a light, strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant (including resistance to sea water and chlorine) transition metal with a grayish color. Titanium can be alloyed with other elements such as iron, aluminium, vanadium, molybdenum and others, to produce strong lightweight alloys for aerospace (jet engines, missiles, and spacecraft), military, industrial process (chemicals and petro-chemicals, desalination plants, pulp and paper), automotive, agri-food, medical (prostheses, orthopaedic implants, dental implants), sporting goods, and other applications.

Use:Vanadium is a chemical element that has the symbol V and atomic number 23. A soft and ductile element, vanadium naturally occurs in certain minerals and is used mainly to produce certain alloys. Approximately 80% of vanadium produced is used as ferrovanadium or as a steel additive. Other uses: In such alloys as specialty stainless steel, e.g. for use in surgical instruments and tools. Such tools are rust resistant and high speed tool steels. Mixed with aluminium in titanium alloys used in jet engines and high-speed airframes .Used in dental alloys. Vanadium steel alloys are used in axles, crankshafts, gears, and other critical components. It is an important carbide stabilizer in making steels. Because of its low fission neutron cross section, vanadium has nuclear applications. Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel.  

Use: Molybdenum is a chemical element with the symbol Mo. It has the sixth highest melting point of any element, and for this reason it is often used in high-strength steel alloys. Molybdenum is found in trace amounts in plants and animals, although excess molybdenum can be toxic in some animals. The ability of molybdenum to withstand extreme temperatures without significantly expanding or softening make it useful in applications that involve intense heat, including aircraft parts, electrical contacts, industrial motors, and filaments. Molybdenum is also used in alloys, such as dental alloys for its high corrosion resistance and weldability. Most highstrength steel alloys are 0.25% to 8% molybdenum.

Use: Used as a catalyst in the polymerization of olefins, epoxy, phenolic and silicone resins.  

Use:Manganese(II) chloride describes a series of compounds with the formula MnCl2(H2O)x, where the value of x can be 0, 2, or 4. The tetrahydrate is a pink salt that occurs naturally as the rare mineral scacchite. Most commonly, the term "manganese(II) chloride" refers to the tetrahydrate MnCl2·4H2O, which consists of octahedral trans-Mn(H2O)4Cl2 molecules. The dihydrate MnCl2·2H2O is also known. Many Mn(II) species are characteristically pink. Manganese chloride is used as a catalyst in the chlorination of organic compounds, in animal feed, and in dry-cell batteries. (Metallic manganese is used primarily in steel production to improve hardness, stiffness, and strength. It is also used in carbon steel, stainless steel, and high-temperature steel, along with cast iron and superalloys).  

Stannous Oxalate is used as a catalyst (Esterification reactions) and in dyeing and printing textiles etc.

Used in the manufacturing of waterproof textiles.

Use:Tungsten is a metal with a wide range of uses, the largest of which is as tungsten carbide (W2C, WC) in cemented carbides. Cemented carbides (also called hardmetals) are wear-resistant materials used by the metalworking, mining, petroleum and construction industries. Tungsten is widely used in light bulb and vacuum tube filaments, as well as electrodes, because it can be drawn into very thin wire with a high melting point. Tungsten (Wolfram) is used in material for implanted electrodes and in orthopaedic and dental implants as well as in coils to treat intracranial aneurysms.

Use: Iron(III) chloride, generically called ferric chloride, is an industrial scale commodity chemical compound. In industrial application, iron(III) chloride is used in sewage treatment and drinking water production. Iron(III) chloride is necessary for the etching of photogravure plates for printing photographic and fine art images in intaglio and for etching rotogravure cylinders used in the printing industry. Iron(III) chloride is also used in veterinary practice.

USES: Catalyst; fungicide; herbicide; algicide. As preservative in antibiotic eye drops, eye cosmetics, shampoos, etc.

USES: Gold salt used in the electroplating industry.

USES: Photography; manufacture of mirrors; other silver salts; silver plating; in sympathetic and indelible inks; dyeing hair; coloring porcelain; etching ivory; extensively used reagent in analytical chemistry; topical antiinfective; used in animals as an astringent, antiseptic, caustic, styptic, in dilute solutions as eye lotion and intramammary to destroy secretory tissue. May cause gray-brown discoloration of the conjunctivae and black discoloration of the fingernails. ABCD

This compound is used in photography, in dyeing and calico printing, in the vacuum tube industry, in the manufacture of cadmium yellow, in galvanoplasty, in the manufacture of special mirrors, as an ice-nucleating agent, as a lubricant, in analysis of sulfides to absorb hydrogen sulfide, in testing for pyridine bases, as a fungicide, in the preparation of cadmium sulfide, in analytical chemistry, as an ingredient of electroplating baths, in additions of tinning solutions, in paints and electronic components, as a pesticide, as an insecticide, as a nematocide, as a polymerization catalyst, as an anticorrosive agent and in pigments, glass and glazes, tattoos and paints.

Use: Indium(III) chloride is a colorless salt finding some use in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid. It is also the most available soluble derivative of indium. Indiclor Indium In-111 Chloride is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical intended for radiolabeling ProstaScint (capromab pendetide) used for in vivo diagnostic imaging procedures and for radiolabeling Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) in preparations used for radioimmunotherapy procedures.

In nickel-plating, as mordant in dyeing and printing textiles, blackening zinc and brass, nickel and nickel carbonate catalysts, coatings, ceramics and manufacture of organic nickel salts (e.g. nickel ammonium sulfate). Nickel metal: a common allergen present in various alloys, electroplated metal, earrings, lipstick holders, watches, buttons, zippers, rings, utensils, tools, instruments, batteries, machinery parts, working solutions of metal cutting fluids, nickel plating for alloys, coins, pigments, dentures, orthopedic plates, keys, scissors, razors, spectacle frames, kitchenware etc. May produce erythema multiforme like eruptions. ABCD. ICU

Use: Indium sulphate is readily soluble in water for uses such as in water treatment. Indium sulfate is being marketed as the newest miracle dietary supplement and is falsely advertised as a dietary aid as an enhancer of food and mineral absorption, an anti-aging supplement, a blood pressure lowering supplement.

Use: A solution of tin(II) chloride containing a little hydrochloric acid is used for the tin-plating of steel, in order to make tin cans. SnCl2 also reduces quinones to hydroquinones. Stannous chloride is also added as a food additive with E number E512 to some canned and bottled foods, where it serves as a color-retention agent and antioxidant. It is used in production of ornamental glass called aurene glass.

Precious metal salt. In platinum plating and refining. May also cause pruritus and erythema. ICU.

Precious metal salt. In photography. ICU.

It is an inorganic compound used in among other things in chemical synthesis as a catalyst. It is present in many alloys containing palladium.  

This is a chemical compound used as part of the manufacturing of semiconductor devices. It might also be found in dental implants.

Ruthenium is a chemical element and a rare transition metal, which is inert to most other chemicals. Ruthenium usually occurs as a minor component of platinum ores. Most ruthenium produced is used for wear-resistant electrical contacts and the production of thick-film resistors. A minor application of ruthenium is its use in some platinum alloys, and as a catalyst. It might also be found in dental implants.

in patch testing this chemical is used to diagnose a contact allergy to tungsten. Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a metal. It can be found in incandescent light bulb filaments, X-ray tubes, and electrodes in welding, superalloys, and radiation shielding. About half is used in the form of tungsten carbide, WC. Tungsten's hardness and high density give it military applications in penetrating projectiles. Tungsten compounds are also often used as industrial catalysts. Tungsten is the only metal from the third transition series that is known to occur in biomolecules, where it is used in a few species of bacteria and archaea. In medicine, tungsten can be found in medical devices such as joint replacements, intravascular devices and dental implants. Tungsten is also used in jewelry.

This chemical is used as a principal precursor to alloys of vanadium and is a widely used industrial catalyst. It can also be found in air care products, floor coverings, paints and coatings. For testing purpose this is also used to test allergy for Vanadium. Vanadium is used in applications for bicycle parts, glass coatings and jewelry. It can also be found dental implants.

Most of this chemical is converted to aluminium oxide (alumina) that is used in the manufacture of aluminium metal. The chemical is also used as a fire retardant filler, producing water vapor and smoke suppressant for polymer applications. The gel form of the chemical is applied to make aluminium salts as flocculants in water purification.  addition it is also used with a low phosphate diet to prevent the formation of phosphate urinary stones. It can also be found in personal care products. Aluminum can in different forms be found in dental implants

This chemical is an inorganic compound, a dark volatile solid which is mainly used in research to prepare other molybdenum compounds. For testing purpose this is also used to test allergy for Molybdenum. Molybdenum compounds are found in the manufacture of aircraft parts, electrical contacts, motors, filaments, and high-strength steel alloys. It can also be found in dental implants.

In patch testing this chemical is used to diagnose contact allergy to Niobium. Niobium is a metal which can be found in steel, alloys, magnets and electro ceramics. The metal can also be found in medical devices such as pacemakers or joint replacements. It is also used in jewelry.

Tantalum is a chemical element. It is widely used as minor component in alloys. Its main use today is in tantalum capacitors in electronic equipment such as mobile phones, DVD players, video game systems and computers. It can also be used in medical implants and bone repair.

This chemical is a ceramic material and the most natural form of the element Zirconium. It is found in insulation, abrasives, enamels, ceramic glazes, and as diamond substitute in jewelry. It is also used in the construction of dental restorations such as crowns and bridges. It can also be used as radio-opaque material in bone cement. In orthopedic surgery bone cement is used to fix metal implants such as hip- and knee replacements.

This metal can be found in precious metal alloys and in electroplating. In jewelry it can be found in white gold, platinum, and sterling silver. Rhodium is also used as an alloying agent for hardening and improving the resistance of platinum and palladium to corrosion which can be used in coatings.

Beryllium improves many physical properties when added as an alloying element to aluminum, copper, iron and nickel. It can be found in tools and in the aerospace industry where it is used for aircraft components, missiles, spacecraft and satellites. It is a common window material for X-ray equipment and components of particle physics experiments.

USES: Tanning leather, dyeing, painting, decorating porcelain, printing, photolithography, pigment-prints, staining wood, pyrotechnics, safety matches, for blending palm oil, wax, & sponges; waterproofing fabrics, as oxidizer in manufacture of organic compounds, in electric batteries, as corrosion inhibitor. In cement, textile dyes, wood preservatives, alloys in metallurgy, photography, electroplating, anticorrosives, engraving, automobile industry, TV manufacturing, photocopy paper, tattoos, mascara/eye shadow pigments (chromium oxide), milk testing, welding, floor waxes, shoe polishes, paints, glues, pigments, detergents, etc. ABCD